What does "lightering" refer to in the context of tanker operations?

In tanker operations, "lightering" refers specifically to transferring cargo from a larger vessel to smaller vessels offshore to reduce the draft of the larger tanker. This process is essential when the vessel needs to enter shallow harbors that cannot accommodate its full draft. By transferring a portion of the cargo to smaller vessels, the larger tanker can navigate safely without running aground, allowing for the efficient movement of oil and other products without disruptions.

This operation is crucial for logistical purposes, especially in locations where deep-water ports are not available. It facilitates the continued movement of goods while adhering to safety and environmental regulations. This definition captures the operational context clearly, distinguishing it from loading cargo near shore, draining ballast water, or cleaning tanks, which do not pertain to the lightering process.