What does the term "overloading" in tanker operations refer to?

The term "overloading" in tanker operations specifically refers to a vessel exceeding its weight limit. This situation occurs when the total weight of the cargo, including the weight of the ship itself, surpasses the designed capacity that the vessel can safely manage. Overloading poses significant risks during operations, such as compromised stability, increased draft, and potential structural damage to the ship. Furthermore, it can lead to dangerous conditions if the tanker's hull or ballast systems are not equipped to handle the excess weight.

The other options do not align with the definition of overloading. Carrying less than capacity does not constitute overloading, nor does transporting multiple types of cargo, which is a common practice in tankers. Additionally, a vessel being temporarily docked is unrelated to its weight or loading capacity.